Adapting to a changing Winter

Ranger Andy's Observations of Scotland's Changing Wildlife

Now fully immersed in winter, I've become increasingly fascinated by the natural phenomenon where some animals turn a ghostly white to blend into the snowy background. Classic examples include ptarmigan and mountain hares, but the animal that captivates me the most is the stoat, especially in Scotland.

From November onwards, the stoat faces a remarkable dilemma due to climate change. This is a pressing issue as it's becoming increasingly difficult for animals to keep pace with the rapid environmental changes. The stoat, in its all-white pelage, is arguably one of Scotland's most attractive mammals. These pure white "ermines" are more commonly seen in the Highlands than anywhere else in Scotland. It's a stunning sight, one that symbolises the wild beauty of the region.

However, the whitening of their fur isn't just a simple process. It's controlled by various factors including the individual's genes, falling temperatures, shortening day length, and snow cover. Interestingly, it seems that severe weather one year can increase the likelihood of a change in the following year. This suggests a complex interaction between the animal and its environment, where past conditions can influence future adaptations.

The process of changing their coat color is gradual, usually spanning 2-4 weeks. It starts with their muzzle and ears, then moves to the tail, and slowly covers the rest of the body. Sometimes, this change is only partial, leading to a unique, patchwork appearance.

This is the time to observe and appreciate these changing animals. As a nature enthusiast, I find this period particularly exciting and encourage others to share in this experience. If you're in Scotland or similar regions, keep your eyes peeled for these magnificent creatures undergoing their winter transformations. And if you happen to spot one, do record it with your local biological recording group – every observation helps us understand and appreciate the complex and beautiful ways in which wildlife adapts to our changing world.

Andy Summers, High Life Highland Senior Ranger - North Team